ABOUT GERMANY

HISTORY OF GERMANY

           

Germany in middle ages, the Celts are believed to have been first inhabitants of Germany. For several centuries after Otto the Great was crowned king in 936, German rulers were also ussually heads of the Holy Roman Empire. Between 962 and the beginning of the 19th century, the German territories were loosely organized into the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The 18th and 19th centuries were marked by the rise of Prussia as the second powerful, dominant state in German-speaking territories alongside Austria, and Austrian-Prussian rivalry became the dominant political factor in German affairs. By the 14th century, the Holy Roman Empire was little more than a loose federation of the German princess who elected the Holy Roman Emperor. In the 16th century began the Germany reformation under the philosophy of Martin Luther.

Imperalist power politics and the determined pursuit of national interest ultimately led to the outbreak in 1914 of thr First World War. In 1919, under the Weimar constitution, Friedrich Ebert was named as the first German President. The National Socialist (NAZI) party, led by Adolf Hitler, stressed nationalist and racist themes while promising to put the unemployed back to work. On 1989nthe Berlin Wall was broken by the leader of G.D.R. and that they get one together through the parlement.

GERMAN EMPIRE

German Empire 1 (Reich I)

            The Holly Roman Empire was born on December 25, 800 AD, when Pope Leo III placed a crown on the head of German leader Charlemagne, saying, “I hereby crown you emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.” However, the Bible prophesies that the Holy Roman Empire will be reborn just before the second coming of Christ, and that the Antichrist and the False Prophet will be the leaders of this last Holy Roman Empire.

German Empire 2 (Reich II)

            1n 19 century, priority of freedom taken of all Germany. “Revolution from up” be popular by Otto Van Bismarck to solve the Germany problems with their ways. At 1848 Germany had done their unity, but not yet for their freedom. Bismarck believed that liberalis can’t be lead to solve Germany freedo, problem. But at the time Germany Empire II can be democratic with general election of Reichstag.

German Empire 3 (Reich III)

            Reich three happened for 12 years, since in 1933 to 1945. This period is Adolf Hitler’s Reich Chancellors came to be at 30 January 1933. The cabined lead by Adolf Hitler was the big success at politics sectors

TRANSPORT AND WEATHER IN GERMANY

            The climate of Germany was determined by its position in temperate zone with frequent changes of the weather. Prevailing winds are westerly, and rain falls at all periods of the year. The average temperatures in January –statistically show to be the coldes month of the year –vary at sea level from 34°F to 27°F, and in the mountains they range to under 21°F. In the height of summer, mit-July temperatures in the north Germany and east Germany lowlands are 61°F to 66°F and in shelterd valleys as high as 68°F. The average temperature for the year is 48°F.

            As a densely populated country in a central location in Europe and with a developed economy, Germany has a dense and modern transportation infrastructure. The first highway system to have been built, the extensive German Autobahn network famously featured sections where no speed limit is in force. The country’s most important waterway is the River Rhine. The largest port is that of Hamburg. Frakfurt Airport is a major International airport and European transportation hub. Air travel is used for greater distances within Germany but faces competition from the state-owned Deutsche Bahn’s rail network. High-speed trains, called ICE connect  cities for passangers travel.

TOURISM IN GERMANY

            When you go to the Germany, you must visited some interesting places because Germany have many tourism object. There are Ludwigsburg Palace that is one of the country’s largest Baroque Palaces –Located in the city of Ludwigsburg (12 km north of Stuttgart’s city centre), Germany; Lichtenstein Castle that located in near Honau in the Swabian Alb, Baden-Wütemburg, Germany; Neuschwanstein Castle that located on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füsen in southwest Bavaria, Germany; Cecilienhof that located in the nothern part of the Neuer Garten Park in Postdam, Germany; New Palace that located on the western side of the Sanssouci royal park in Postdam, Germany; Munich Frauenkirche that located in the Bavarian city of Munich; Berlin Cathedral that located on an island in the river Spree; St. Paul’s Curch that located in Frankfurt, Germany; Lake Constance that located in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria near the Alps; Alps (Alpen that) is one of the great mountain range system of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the West; Spreewald that located about  100 km south-east of Berlin; Jasmund National Park that located in the northeast of Rügent island in Mecklenburg-Vorpemmern, Germany; and many place tourism because Germany is one of country with rich tourism.

EDUCATION IN GERMANY

            Education in Germany have many kind of level. There are Kindergartens/Kindergär-ten that followed children between the ages of 3 and 6, which are not part of the school system; Primary schools/Elementary school/Grundschule that instituition in which children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as primary or elementary education; Secondary general school/Hauptschule that a secondary school in Germany and Austria, starting after 4 year of elementary schooling, which offer Lower Secondary Education (Level 2) according to the International Standard Classification of education; Intermediate shools/Realschule that ranked between Haupschule and Gymnasium; Grammar schools/ Gymnasium that a secondary school which prepares the student for higher education at university. Some gymnasiums provide general education, others have a specific focus. The four traditional branches are: humanities education, modern languages, mathematical-scientific education, economical and social-scientific education; Comprehensive school/Gesamtschule that followed by children between ages of 11 to at least 19; Intermediate high school diploma/Fachoberschulen that vacational school at upper secondary level providing one or two year courses in various subject areas leading to the qualification of Fachhochschulreife; Vacational extension schools that a dual educational system thet most of the students opt for at the end of compulsory schooling; Universities/Universität that make students who are wishing to attend university in Germany must, as a rule, hold the Abitur or Fachabitur certification.

 

GERMAN CULTURE

            German culture began long before the rise of Germany as a nation state. Due to its rich cultural history, Germany is often know as das Land Der Dichter und Denker (the land of poets and thinkers). The rise of the modern natural sciences and the related decline of religion raised a series of questions, which recur through out German philosophy, concerning the relationships between knowledge and faith, reason and emotion, and scientific, ethical, and artistic ways of seeing the worlds. Architectural contributions from Germany include the Carolingian and Ottonian styles important precursors of Romanesque.

            Religion in Germany are 64,1% belongs to Christian denominations, 31,4% are Roman Catholic, and 32,7% are affilated with Protestantism (the figures are known accurately). Germany has been the home of many famous inventors and engineers. The “home cuisine” differs very much from the “restaurant cuisine”. More traditional dishes can be found in restaurant. Sport forms are integral part of German life, as demontrated by the fact that 27 millions German are members of a sports club. Germany has many sides of cultural life too. Besides of that, Germany is a book country. Outside the country, Germany theater frequently has a reputation for being brash and self absorbed. Germany’s reputation as an important musical nation is still based on name like Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Handel and Richard Strauss.

CULTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GERMANY AND INDONESIA

            Between Germany and Indonesia have many cultural differences, especially in many sectors like literature, religion, music, folk festival, Architectures, Cuisine, and  Sport. The difference in Literature sectors are German has Johan Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Shiller were widely famous over the world as poem author, meanwhile Indonesian has W.S. Rendra, Taufik Ismail, Chairil Anwar, Sutardji Calzoum Bachry, Sapardi Joko Damono as poem author. The difference in Religion sectors are Germany have 53 million Christian (Roman Catholic/Protestan/Ortodoks), 33 million Islam, 230.000 Budha, 100.000 Jewish, 90.000 Hindu; meanwhile Indonesia have 88% muslim, 9% Christian (protestant/catholic), 2% Hindu, 1% Budha. The difference in Music sectors are Germany have Opera House, such as Semperoper, Komische Oper Berlin, and Staatstheater, meanwhile Indonesia haven’t Opera House. The difference in Folk Festival sectors are German has October fest, Cannstatter festival, etc, meanwhile Indonesian has Panen Raya festival. The differences in Architecture sectors are Germany include the Carolingian and Ottonian styles, important precussors of Romanesque, meanwhile Indonesian have traditional buildings like Rumah Gadang, Honai, etc. The differences in Cuisine sectors are German have Red an white wine, Beer, Spitzel, Wurst, Sauerkraut, etc, meanwhile Indonesia have Rendang, Satay, Pecel, Nasi Goreng, etc. The differences in Sport sectors are German like football and have German Federation with Budesliga, meanwhile Indonesian like football than followed by Badminton.