HISTORY
OF GERMANY
Germany in
middle ages, the Celts are believed to have been first inhabitants of Germany.
For several centuries after Otto the Great was crowned king in 936, German
rulers were also ussually heads of the Holy Roman Empire. Between 962 and the
beginning of the 19th century, the German territories were loosely organized
into the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The 18th and 19th centuries
were marked by the rise of Prussia as the second powerful, dominant state in
German-speaking territories alongside Austria, and Austrian-Prussian rivalry
became the dominant political factor in German affairs. By the 14th century,
the Holy Roman Empire was little more than a loose federation of the German
princess who elected the Holy Roman Emperor. In the 16th century began the
Germany reformation under the philosophy of Martin Luther.
Imperalist power
politics and the determined pursuit of national interest ultimately led to the
outbreak in 1914 of thr First World War. In 1919, under the Weimar
constitution, Friedrich Ebert was named as the first German President. The
National Socialist (NAZI) party, led by Adolf Hitler, stressed nationalist and
racist themes while promising to put the unemployed back to work. On 1989nthe
Berlin Wall was broken by the leader of G.D.R. and that they get one together
through the parlement.
GERMAN
EMPIRE
German
Empire 1 (Reich I)
The Holly Roman Empire was born on
December 25, 800 AD, when Pope Leo III placed a crown on the head of German
leader Charlemagne, saying, “I hereby crown you emperor of the Holy Roman
Empire.” However, the Bible prophesies that the Holy Roman Empire will be
reborn just before the second coming of Christ, and that the Antichrist and the
False Prophet will be the leaders of this last Holy Roman Empire.
German
Empire 2 (Reich II)
1n 19 century, priority of freedom
taken of all Germany. “Revolution from up” be popular by Otto Van Bismarck to
solve the Germany problems with their ways. At 1848 Germany had done their
unity, but not yet for their freedom. Bismarck believed that liberalis can’t be
lead to solve Germany freedo, problem. But at the time Germany Empire II can be
democratic with general election of Reichstag.
German
Empire 3 (Reich III)
Reich three happened for 12 years,
since in 1933 to 1945. This period is Adolf Hitler’s Reich Chancellors came to
be at 30 January 1933. The cabined lead by Adolf Hitler was the big success at
politics sectors
TRANSPORT
AND WEATHER IN GERMANY
The
climate of Germany was determined by its position in temperate zone with
frequent changes of the weather. Prevailing winds are westerly, and rain falls
at all periods of the year. The average temperatures in January –statistically
show to be the coldes month of the year –vary at sea level from 34°F to 27°F,
and in the mountains they range to under 21°F. In the height of summer,
mit-July temperatures in the north Germany and east Germany lowlands are 61°F
to 66°F and in shelterd valleys as high as 68°F. The average temperature for
the year is 48°F.
As
a densely populated country in a central location in Europe and with a
developed economy, Germany has a dense and modern transportation
infrastructure. The first highway system to have been built, the extensive
German Autobahn network famously featured sections where no speed limit is in
force. The country’s most important waterway is the River Rhine. The largest
port is that of Hamburg. Frakfurt Airport is a major International airport and
European transportation hub. Air travel is used for greater distances within
Germany but faces competition from the state-owned Deutsche Bahn’s rail
network. High-speed trains, called ICE connect
cities for passangers travel.
TOURISM
IN GERMANY
When
you go to the Germany, you must visited some interesting places because Germany
have many tourism object. There are Ludwigsburg
Palace that is one of the country’s largest Baroque Palaces –Located in the
city of Ludwigsburg (12 km north of Stuttgart’s city centre), Germany; Lichtenstein Castle that located in near
Honau in the Swabian Alb, Baden-Wütemburg, Germany; Neuschwanstein Castle that located on a rugged hill above the
village of Hohenschwangau near Füsen in southwest Bavaria, Germany; Cecilienhof that located in the nothern
part of the Neuer Garten Park in Postdam, Germany; New Palace that located on the western side of the Sanssouci royal
park in Postdam, Germany; Munich
Frauenkirche that located in the Bavarian city of Munich; Berlin Cathedral that located on an
island in the river Spree; St. Paul’s
Curch that located in Frankfurt, Germany; Lake Constance that located in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria
near the Alps; Alps (Alpen that) is one of the great mountain range
system of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through
Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the West; Spreewald
that located about 100 km south-east of
Berlin; Jasmund National Park that located in the northeast of Rügent island in
Mecklenburg-Vorpemmern, Germany; and many place tourism because Germany is one
of country with rich tourism.
EDUCATION
IN GERMANY
Education
in Germany have many kind of level. There are Kindergartens/Kindergär-ten that followed children between the ages
of 3 and 6, which are not part of the school system; Primary schools/Elementary school/Grundschule that instituition in
which children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as primary
or elementary education; Secondary
general school/Hauptschule that a secondary school in Germany and Austria,
starting after 4 year of elementary schooling, which offer Lower Secondary
Education (Level 2) according to the International Standard Classification of
education; Intermediate shools/Realschule
that ranked between Haupschule and Gymnasium; Grammar schools/ Gymnasium that a secondary school which prepares
the student for higher education at university. Some gymnasiums provide general
education, others have a specific focus. The four traditional branches are:
humanities education, modern languages, mathematical-scientific education,
economical and social-scientific education; Comprehensive
school/Gesamtschule that followed by children between ages of 11 to at
least 19; Intermediate high school
diploma/Fachoberschulen that vacational school at upper secondary level
providing one or two year courses in various subject areas leading to the
qualification of Fachhochschulreife; Vacational
extension schools that a dual educational system thet most of the students
opt for at the end of compulsory schooling; Universities/Universität
that make students who are wishing to attend university in Germany must, as a
rule, hold the Abitur or Fachabitur certification.
GERMAN
CULTURE
German
culture began long before the rise of Germany as a nation state. Due to its
rich cultural history, Germany is often know as das Land Der Dichter und Denker
(the land of poets and thinkers). The rise of the modern natural sciences and
the related decline of religion raised a series of questions, which recur
through out German philosophy, concerning the relationships between knowledge and
faith, reason and emotion, and scientific, ethical, and artistic ways of seeing
the worlds. Architectural contributions from Germany include the Carolingian
and Ottonian styles important precursors of Romanesque.
Religion
in Germany are 64,1% belongs to Christian denominations, 31,4% are Roman
Catholic, and 32,7% are affilated with Protestantism (the figures are known
accurately). Germany has been the home of many famous inventors and engineers.
The “home cuisine” differs very much from the “restaurant cuisine”. More
traditional dishes can be found in restaurant. Sport forms are integral part of
German life, as demontrated by the fact that 27 millions German are members of
a sports club. Germany has many sides of cultural life too. Besides of that, Germany
is a book country. Outside the country, Germany theater frequently has a
reputation for being brash and self absorbed. Germany’s reputation as an
important musical nation is still based on name like Bach, Beethoven, Brahms,
Handel and Richard Strauss.
CULTURAL
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GERMANY AND INDONESIA
Between
Germany and Indonesia have many cultural differences, especially in many
sectors like literature, religion, music, folk festival, Architectures,
Cuisine, and Sport. The difference in Literature sectors are German has Johan
Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Shiller were widely famous over the world as
poem author, meanwhile Indonesian has W.S. Rendra, Taufik Ismail, Chairil
Anwar, Sutardji Calzoum Bachry, Sapardi Joko Damono as poem author. The
difference in Religion sectors are
Germany have 53 million Christian (Roman Catholic/Protestan/Ortodoks), 33
million Islam, 230.000 Budha, 100.000 Jewish, 90.000 Hindu; meanwhile Indonesia
have 88% muslim, 9% Christian (protestant/catholic), 2% Hindu, 1% Budha. The
difference in Music sectors are
Germany have Opera House, such as Semperoper, Komische Oper Berlin, and
Staatstheater, meanwhile Indonesia haven’t Opera House. The difference in Folk Festival sectors are German has
October fest, Cannstatter festival, etc, meanwhile Indonesian has Panen Raya
festival. The differences in Architecture
sectors are Germany include the Carolingian and Ottonian styles, important
precussors of Romanesque, meanwhile Indonesian have traditional buildings like
Rumah Gadang, Honai, etc. The differences in Cuisine sectors are
German have Red an white wine, Beer, Spitzel, Wurst, Sauerkraut, etc, meanwhile
Indonesia have Rendang, Satay, Pecel, Nasi Goreng, etc. The differences in Sport sectors are German like football
and have German Federation with Budesliga, meanwhile Indonesian like football
than followed by Badminton.
